{"id":25670,"date":"2024-04-27T14:25:59","date_gmt":"2024-04-27T14:25:59","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/sagarindia.in\/blog\/?p=25670"},"modified":"2025-08-18T13:31:59","modified_gmt":"2025-08-18T13:31:59","slug":"osi-model-open-systems-interconnection","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/sagarindia.in\/blog\/osi-model-open-systems-interconnection\/","title":{"rendered":"OSI Model (Open Systems Interconnection)"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

OSI Model \u0915\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0902 ?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u091c\u092c \u092f\u0939 \u0938\u092e\u091d\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0940 \u092c\u093e\u0924 \u0906\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948 \u0915\u093f computer network \u092a\u0930 \u0915\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u0938\u0902\u091a\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902, \u0924\u094b OSI (Open Systems Interconnection) model \u0907\u0938\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0936\u093e\u092e\u093f\u0932 \u0935\u093f\u092d\u093f\u0928\u094d\u0928 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u0940 concept \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u090f\u0915 standardized \u0924\u0930\u0940\u0915\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0926\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 International Organization for Standardization (ISO) \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e \u0935\u093f\u0915\u0938\u093f\u0924, OSI model network communication \u0915\u094b \u0938\u093e\u0924 \u0905\u0932\u0917-\u0905\u0932\u0917 level \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0935\u093f\u092d\u093e\u091c\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u093f\u0928\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0947\u0915 \u0915\u0940 \u0905\u092a\u0928\u0940 \u091c\u093f\u092e\u094d\u092e\u0947\u0926\u093e\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0902 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0906\u0907\u090f \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0947\u0915 \u092a\u0930\u0924 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0917\u0939\u0930\u093e\u0908 \u0938\u0947 \u0909\u0924\u0930\u0947\u0902 \u0914\u0930 uninterrupted network communication \u0915\u094b convenient \u092c\u0928\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0907\u0938\u0915\u0940 \u092d\u0942\u092e\u093f\u0915\u093e \u0915\u093e \u092a\u0924\u093e \u0932\u0917\u093e\u090f\u0902\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n
\n
\n
\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n

Physical Layer<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Data transmission \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0936\u093e\u092e\u093f\u0932 physical component \u0938\u0947 \u0938\u0902\u092c\u0902\u0927\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Voltage, Cable Specifications, Radio Frequency \u0906\u0926\u093f \u091c\u0948\u0938\u0940 characteristics \u0915\u094b directed \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u090f\u0915 device \u0914\u0930 physical transmission medium \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u0940\u091a connection \u0915\u094b defined \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Physical medium \u092a\u0930 raw data bits \u0915\u0947 bit encoding \u0914\u0930 transmission \u0915\u094b handle \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0909\u0926\u093e\u0939\u0930\u0923: Ethernet cables, fiber optic cables, wireless radio signals, \u0906\u0926\u093f\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Data Link Layer<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Raw data bits \u0915\u094b headers \u0914\u0930 trailers \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0925 frame \u092e\u0947\u0902 arranged \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948<\/p>\n\n\n\n

local network \u092a\u0930 devices \u0915\u0940 \u092a\u0939\u091a\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f physical address (MAC address) \u0915\u094b handle \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948<\/p>\n\n\n\n

CSMA\/CD (Ethernet) \u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947 protocol \u0915\u0947 \u092e\u093e\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092e \u0938\u0947 physical medium \u0924\u0915 \u092a\u0939\u0941\u0902\u091a \u0915\u093e management \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Receiving device \u092a\u0930 \u0926\u092c\u093e\u0935 \u092a\u0921\u093c\u0928\u0947 \u0938\u0947 \u0930\u094b\u0915\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f flow control provide \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Network Layer<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

\u0935\u093f\u092d\u093f\u0928\u094d\u0928 network \u092a\u0930 devices \u0915\u0940 \u092a\u0939\u091a\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f logical addresses (IP address) \u0915\u094b handle \u0939\u0948<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u092f\u0939 \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u0927\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0915\u093f data \u0915\u094b network \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u094c\u0928 \u0938\u093e path \u0932\u0947\u0928\u093e \u091a\u093e\u0939\u093f\u090f (routing)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

logical addressing, routing \u0914\u0930 forwarding function \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Data \u0915\u094b packets \u092e\u0947\u0902 break \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0914\u0930 \u0909\u0928\u094d\u0939\u0947\u0902 destination \u092a\u0930 \u092a\u0941\u0928\u0903 \u091c\u094b\u0921\u093c\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948<\/p>\n\n\n\n

IP (Internet Protocol), IPsec (Internet Protocol Security) \u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947 protocol \u0915\u093e support \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Transport Layer<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Application \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u0940\u091a end-to-end communication \u0915\u093e management \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Data \u0915\u0947 \u0935\u093f\u092d\u093e\u091c\u0928, \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0915\u094d\u0930\u092e\u0923 \u0914\u0930 \u092a\u0941\u0928\u0903 \u0938\u0902\u092f\u094b\u091c\u0928 \u0915\u094b handle \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Flow control \u0914\u0930 error correction mechanism \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0926\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948<\/p>\n\n\n\n

TCP (Transmission Control Protocol) \u0914\u0930 UDP (User Datagram Protocol) \u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947 protocol \u0915\u093e support \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Application \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u0940\u091a \u0935\u093f\u0936\u094d\u0935\u0938\u0928\u0940\u092f data distribution ensure \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Session Layer<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

communication sessions \u0915\u0940 establishment, management \u0914\u0930 coordination \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948<\/p>\n\n\n\n

checkpointing, recovery \u0914\u0930 restart processes \u0915\u094b handle \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Application \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u0940\u091a data exchange \u0915\u0947 coordination \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f mechanism \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0926\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948<\/p>\n\n\n\n

RPC (remote procedure call) \u0914\u0930 SOCKS (Socket Secure) \u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947 protocol \u0915\u093e support \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Presentation Layer<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Various formats \u092f\u093e encoding schemes \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u0940\u091a data \u0915\u093e translation \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948<\/p>\n\n\n\n

data compression, encryption \u0914\u0930 character code conversion \u0915\u094b handle \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u092f\u0939 \u0938\u0941\u0928\u093f\u0936\u094d\u091a\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0915\u093f data application layer \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f appropriate format \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0941\u0924 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0917\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948<\/p>\n\n\n\n

SSL (Secure Socket Layer) \u0914\u0930 TLS (Transport Layer Security) \u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947 protocol \u0915\u093e support \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Application Layer<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Application \u0915\u094b \u0938\u0940\u0927\u0947 Email, File Transfer, Web Browsing \u091c\u0948\u0938\u0940 service \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0926\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Specific applications, \u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947 HTTP, FTP, SMTP, \u0906\u0926\u093f \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f protocol \u0915\u094b define \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n

User Authentication, Privacy \u0914\u0930 data syntax \u092a\u0930 \u0915\u093f\u0938\u0940 \u092d\u0940 \u092c\u093e\u0927\u093e \u0915\u094b \u0938\u0902\u092d\u093e\u0932\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Communication partners \u0915\u0940 identity \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0914\u0930 resource availability determined \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0909\u0926\u093e\u0939\u0930\u0923: Web browsing \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f HTTP, E-Mail \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f SMTP, File Transfer \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f FTP <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

OSI Model \u0915\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0902 ? \u091c\u092c \u092f\u0939 \u0938\u092e\u091d\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0940 \u092c\u093e\u0924 \u0906\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948 \u0915\u093f computer network \u092a\u0930 \u0915\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u0938\u0902\u091a\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902, \u0924\u094b OSI (Open Systems Interconnection) model… <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":25675,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_uag_custom_page_level_css":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[42,41,1,43,45,39],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-25670","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-ccc","category-computer-basic","category-computer-courses-certification","category-dca","category-it-tools","category-o-level"],"uagb_featured_image_src":{"full":["https:\/\/sagarindia.in\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/AQPPLICATION-59-x-28.575-cm-3.png",1951,945,false],"thumbnail":["https:\/\/sagarindia.in\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/AQPPLICATION-59-x-28.575-cm-3-150x150.png",150,150,true],"medium":["https:\/\/sagarindia.in\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/AQPPLICATION-59-x-28.575-cm-3-300x145.png",300,145,true],"medium_large":["https:\/\/sagarindia.in\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/AQPPLICATION-59-x-28.575-cm-3-768x372.png",768,372,true],"large":["https:\/\/sagarindia.in\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/AQPPLICATION-59-x-28.575-cm-3-1024x496.png",790,383,true],"1536x1536":["https:\/\/sagarindia.in\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/AQPPLICATION-59-x-28.575-cm-3-1536x744.png",1536,744,true],"2048x2048":["https:\/\/sagarindia.in\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/AQPPLICATION-59-x-28.575-cm-3.png",1951,945,false],"post-thumbnail":["https:\/\/sagarindia.in\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/AQPPLICATION-59-x-28.575-cm-3.png",300,145,false],"blogsite_featured_large_thumb":["https:\/\/sagarindia.in\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/AQPPLICATION-59-x-28.575-cm-3.png",630,305,false],"blogsite_featured_small_thumb":["https:\/\/sagarindia.in\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/AQPPLICATION-59-x-28.575-cm-3.png",440,213,false],"blogsite_post_thumb":["https:\/\/sagarindia.in\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/AQPPLICATION-59-x-28.575-cm-3.png",300,145,false],"blogsite_widget_thumb":["https:\/\/sagarindia.in\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/AQPPLICATION-59-x-28.575-cm-3.png",300,145,false]},"uagb_author_info":{"display_name":"Sagar Prashikshan Sansthan","author_link":"https:\/\/sagarindia.in\/blog\/author\/digital-ramavi\/"},"uagb_comment_info":0,"uagb_excerpt":"OSI Model \u0915\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0902 ? \u091c\u092c \u092f\u0939 \u0938\u092e\u091d\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0940 \u092c\u093e\u0924 \u0906\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948 \u0915\u093f computer network \u092a\u0930 \u0915\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u0938\u0902\u091a\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902, \u0924\u094b OSI (Open Systems Interconnection) model...","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/sagarindia.in\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/25670"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/sagarindia.in\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/sagarindia.in\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sagarindia.in\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sagarindia.in\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=25670"}],"version-history":[{"count":6,"href":"https:\/\/sagarindia.in\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/25670\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":25681,"href":"https:\/\/sagarindia.in\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/25670\/revisions\/25681"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sagarindia.in\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/25675"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/sagarindia.in\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=25670"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sagarindia.in\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=25670"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sagarindia.in\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=25670"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}